Who has the authority to create inferior federal courts?

• A. The President
• B. Congress
• C. The Senate
• D. The Supreme Court

Answer: (B)

The key idea is that Congress has the power to create inferior federal courts. The Constitution assigns the judicial power to the Supreme Court and to such inferior courts as Congress may ordain and establish. That language means Congress can establish lower federal courts (like district courts and courts of appeals) and shape their jurisdiction and structure. The President handles nominations to these courts, with Senate confirmation, but does not create or abolish the courts itself. The Senate’s role is to confirm judges, not to establish courts, and the Supreme Court cannot unilaterally create new inferior courts. So, Congress is the branch with the authority to create inferior federal courts.