Judicial review allows courts to do what with statutes or executive actions?

• A. Enforce them through political process
• B. Defer to the other branches
• C. Validate all executive orders automatically
• D. Declare statutes or executive actions unconstitutional

Answer: (D)

The main concept is that courts have the power of judicial review to ensure statutes and executive actions conform to the Constitution. When something conflicts with constitutional limits, the judiciary can declare it unconstitutional and void, providing a check on both legislative and executive branches.

This is not about pushing enforcement through political processes or automatically validating every executive action. Courts assess the constitutional authority behind a law or action and, if it oversteps constitutional boundaries, strike it down. While they may uphold actions within constitutional limits, the defining role of judicial review is to declare unconstitutional those that violate the Constitution.